How do you optimize the clinical management of persons opioid use disorders (OUD) and co-occurring psychiatric disorders who are actively using opioids and are experiencing significant pain?

Persons with opioid disorder (OUD), just like persons without OUD can experience severe pain and require pain management. In fact, they might be even more sensitive to pain. If the source of the pain is found to be clinically rooted, it would be important to treat it. Untreated pain is often associated with relapses to opioid use.